Immediately after the tribulation of those days (Part 2)
Then after the description of these dramatic events, which would demonstrate the beginning of the presence of Christ (reigning as King, in the midst of his enemies (Psalms 2)) and which would announce the end of this system of things, in Matthew 24:4-28, this time, Jesus Christ begins to describe world events which would announce the nearness of the end or the great tribulation. This time, in addition to quoting Matthew 24:29-31, there will be a presentation of parallel quotes to this same description, in Mark and Luke. The description in Mark’s Gospel is quite similar to Matthew’s; however, regarding Luke’s Gospel, there are other, complementary descriptive details:
“Also, there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth anguish of nations not knowing the way out because of the roaring of the sea and its agitation. People will become faint out of fear and expectation of the things coming upon the inhabited earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. But as these things start to occur, stand up straight and lift up your heads, because your deliverance is getting near” (Luke 21:25-28).
Summary of the key events immediately preceding
the Sign of the Son of Man
1 – The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light.
2 – Anguish of nations not knowing the way out because of the roaring of the sea and its agitation.
3 – The stars will be falling out of heaven.
4 – The powers that are in the heavens will be shaken.
5 – People will become faint out of fear and expectation of the things coming upon the inhabited earth.
The current generation—witnessing the extraordinary events unfolding before its eyes—will not pass away before all these things take place, including, of course, the Sign of the Son of Man, which will mark the end of this system of things through the great tribulation (Matthew 24:32-35).
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Anguish of nations not knowing the way out because of the roaring of the sea and its agitation
Major oceanic tsunamis
Several major oceanic tsunamis occurred during the 2000s (2000–2009), resulting in significant loss of life and devastation across coastal regions.
Here is the list of the most notable oceanic tsunamis from that decade, ordered by the number of victims:
1. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
• Date: December 26, 2004
• Cause: A massive magnitude 9.1–9.3 undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
• Estimated Victims: ~227,898 to 230,000 deaths (and tens of thousands missing).
• Impact: It is the deadliest tsunami in recorded history. The waves reached up to 30–50 meters high, striking 14 countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were the hardest hit.
2. The 2006 South Java Tsunami (Indonesia)
• Date: July 17, 2006
• Cause: A magnitude 7.7 regional earthquake off the southwestern coast of Java, Indonesia.
• Estimated Victims: ~668 deaths (with dozens missing and over 9,000 injured).
• Impact: The earthquake produced relatively weak shaking on land, catching coastal residents by surprise when 5-to-15-meter waves struck the popular tourist resort area of Pangandaran and nearby beaches.
3. The 2009 Samoa Tsunami
• Date: September 29, 2009
• Cause: A magnitude 8.1 earthquake in the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone.
• Estimated Victims: ~189 deaths.
• Impact: The tsunami struck American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga with waves up to 14 meters high, destroying entire coastal villages and causing widespread local infrastructure damage.
4. The 2007 Solomon Islands Tsunami
• Date: April 2, 2007
• Cause: A magnitude 8.1 earthquake near the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.
• Estimated Victims: ~52 deaths.
• Impact: Waves measuring up to 12 meters swept through the regional capital of Gizo and multiple surrounding islands, destroying thousands of homes and displacing over 9,000 people.
5. The 2000 Minahasa Peninsula Tsunami (Sulawesi, Indonesia)
• Date: May 4, 2000
• Cause: A magnitude 7.6 earthquake off the coast of Central Sulawesi.
• Estimated Victims: 46 deaths.
• Impact: The localized tsunami generated wave heights up to 6 meters, resulting in heavy damage across the Banggai and Peleng islands.
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The 2011 Fukushima megatsunami in Japan
The 2011 Fukushima megatsunami was triggered by the massive 9.0-magnitude Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The earthquake occurred undersea off the coast of Tohoku, shifting seabed plates and displacing a massive volume of water. This created a devastating series of tsunami waves that struck the eastern coast of Japan, leading to widespread destruction and triggering the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
Key Facts and Figures
• Earthquake Magnitude: 9.0 (the most powerful recorded in Japan’s history)
• Maximum Wave Height: Up to 40.5 meters (133 feet) in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture; waves at the Fukushima Daiichi plant reached approximately 14–15 meters (46–49 feet).
• Inundation Area: Roughly 561 square kilometers of land were flooded.
• Casualties: Nearly 20,000 lives lost or missing across Japan, primarily due to drowning from the tsunami.
Impact on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant
The tsunami had a catastrophic impact on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO):
• Seawall Overtopped: The plant’s seawall was only designed to withstand a 5.7-meter wave. The 14-meter tsunami easily overtopped it, completely flooding the low-lying generator rooms.
• Power Failure: While the reactors had automatically shut down safely during the earthquake, the tsunami knocked out the emergency diesel generators responsible for powering the cooling systems.
• Nuclear Meltdown: Without cooling, residual decay heat caused the reactor cores in Units 1, 2, and 3 to overheat. This led to partial nuclear meltdowns and hydrogen explosions, releasing significant amounts of radioactive material into the environment.
Long-Term Aftermath
The disaster resulted in the evacuation of over 150,000 residents from the surrounding areas due to radiation risks. It prompted Japan to temporarily shut down all its nuclear reactors and fundamentally rewrite its national energy policies and coastal defense standards. Decades later, decommissioning efforts and radioactive water management at the Fukushima site remain an ongoing process.
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The most notable and major tsunamis of the 2020s
While the 2020s have not seen a catastrophic, high-mortality ocean-wide event like the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the decade has been highly significant for tsunami science. The period features the most powerful atmospheric-driven volcanic tsunami ever recorded by modern instruments, unique multi-ocean « mystery » waves, and record-breaking megatsunamis triggered by landslides.
The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai Tsunami (January 2022)
• The Cause: A cataclysmic submarine volcanic eruption in Tonga.
• Why it was notable: This event generated a basin-wide Pacific tsunami and a globally observed meteotsunami (driven by massive atmospheric pressure waves). It is considered the largest atmospheric explosion recorded by modern instrumentation.
• The Impact: Local waves in Tonga reached up to 15 to 20 meters (50–65 feet), completely devastating nearby low-lying islands. Uninhabited areas like Tofua Island saw run-ups as high as 45 meters (148 feet). Waves traveling across the ocean caused minor damage and tragic drownings as far away as Peru and California.
The South Sandwich Islands « Global Mystery » Tsunami (August 2021)
• The Cause: A complex, shallow magnitude 7.5 earthquake hidden inside a massive deep-sea seismic sequence.
• Why it was notable: Initially, scientists were baffled when tide gauges recorded tsunami waves rippling through three different oceans—the North Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans—simultaneously. It was the first multi-ocean tsunami recorded since 2004.
• The Impact: Because the epicenter was in the remote South Atlantic subduction zone, the waves did not cause major damage or coastal fatalities, but it dramatically forced a rewrite of tsunami monitoring protocols for complex, deep earthquakes.
The Tracy Arm Fjord Megatsunami, Alaska (2025)
• The Cause: A massive, climate-accelerated rockslide dropping directly into a narrow glacial fjord.
• Why it was notable: It ranks among the highest tsunami run-ups ever recorded in human history, drawing comparison to the famous 1958 Lituya Bay event.
• The Impact: The displaced water surged up the opposite mountainside, leaving a visible trimline (destroyed forest) indicating a local wave run-up of 470 to 500 meters (1,540–1,640 feet). Because of its isolation, it resulted in zero casualties.
The Kamchatka Peninsula Tsunami (July 2025)
• The Cause: A massive magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the eastern coast of Russia.
• Why it was notable: The earthquake tied as one of the strongest ever recorded. It triggered extensive evacuations along Russia’s coast and prompted Japan to issue immediate evacuation orders for nearly two million coastal residents.
• The Impact: Local coastlines in Russia bore the brunt, experiencing a massive 17 to 19-meter run-up that flooded coastal infrastructure. Japan’s Kuji Port saw maximum waves of 1.3 meters. Advanced warning systems successfully prevented a major loss of life.
The Aegean Sea / Samos Tsunami (October 2020)
• The Cause: A magnitude 7.0 earthquake in the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey.
• Why it was notable: It serves as a reminder that the Mediterranean is highly vulnerable to seismic tsunamis.
• The Impact: The earthquake caused significant destruction on land (119 deaths). The resulting tsunami peaked at 6 meters (20 feet), completely inundating the district of Sığacık in Seferihisar, Turkey, causing one drowning fatality and heavy structural flooding.
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